4/11/2023 0 Comments Prospective studiesIn addition, genetic factors for the development of dementia have also been examined, with the apolipoprotein E ( APOE) genotype being identified as the most potent genetic risk factor for the development of AD. Recent prospective cohort studies conducted in Europe and the USA have reported that environmental factors such as diabetes, obesity, smoking, and physical inactivity contribute to the development of dementia. Therefore, it has become an urgent national issue to establish comprehensive strategies for the prevention and treatment of dementia, particularly AD, as well as for the care of affected individuals.Įpidemiological studies such as prospective cohort studies have been considered an effective methodology to estimate the current status of dementia and to clarify the risk factors and etiology for dementia. Moreover, epidemiological evidence has shown that the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been increasing rapidly in Japan for the last 20 years. Based on this data, the number of patients with dementia in Japan was estimated to have been 4.62 million nationwide in 2012 and is expected to increase further, reaching about 7 million by 2025. A national survey of dementia conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan found that the prevalence of dementia is 15% among individuals aged 65 and over. In Japan, an upward trend in the number of patients with dementia is similarly expected along with the aging of the population. According to the World Alzheimer Report 2015, the estimated number of people with dementia worldwide was 46.8 million in 2015, and that number is expected to double to 74.7 million by 2030. The findings of this study will improve our understanding of dementia and provide helpful information to establish effective preventive strategies for dementia in Japan.ĭementia, which is characterized by the impairment of cognitive function, behavior, and the capacity for everyday activities, is widely acknowledged as a public health and social care priority worldwide. The prospective cohort data from the JPSC-AD will provide valuable insights regarding the risk factors and etiology of dementia as well as for the development of predictive models and diagnostic markers for the future onset of dementia. Approximately two-thirds of dementia cases at baseline were Alzheimer’s disease. However, it was 16.4% among three sites where additional home visit and/or nursing home visit surveys were performed. The prevalence of dementia at baseline was 8.5% in overall participants. The mean age was 74.4 years, and 41.9% were male. A total of 11,410 individuals aged 65 years or older participated in the study. The baseline survey was conducted from 2016 to 2018. Individual participant data were pooled for data analyses. For brain MRI, three-dimensional acquisition of T1-weighted images was performed. The diagnosis of dementia was adjudicated by an endpoint adjudication committee using standard criteria and clinical information according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd Revised Edition. The primary outcome was the development of dementia and its subtypes. Baseline exposure data, including lifestyles, medical information, diets, physical activities, blood pressure, cognitive function, blood test, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and DNA samples, were collected with a pre-specified protocol and standardized measurement methods. The Japan Prospective Studies Collaboration for Aging and Dementia (JPSC-AD) is a multisite, population-based prospective cohort study of dementia, which was designed to enroll approximately 10,000 community-dwelling residents aged 65 years or older from 8 sites in Japan and to follow them up prospectively for at least 5 years. We aimed to perform a large-scale dementia cohort study to elucidate environmental and genetic risk factors for dementia, as well as their interaction. Prospective cohort studies have been considered an effective methodology to clarify the risk factors and the etiology of dementia. The burden of dementia is growing rapidly and has become a medical and social problem in Japan.
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